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水處理目的是提高水質(zhì)，使之達(dá)到某種水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。按處理方法的不同，有物理水處理、化學(xué)水處理、生物水處理等多種。按處理對(duì)象或目的的不同，有給水處理和廢水處理兩大類。給水處理包括生活飲用水處理和工業(yè)用水處理兩類; 廢水處理又有生活污水處理和工業(yè)廢水處理之分。其中，與熱工技術(shù)關(guān)系特別密切的有從屬于工業(yè)用水處理范疇的鍋爐給水處理、補(bǔ)給水處理、汽輪機(jī)主凝結(jié)水處理以及循環(huán)水處理等。水處理對(duì)發(fā)展工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、提高產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量，保護(hù)人類環(huán)境、維護(hù)生態(tài)平衡具有重要的意義。

   鋼鐵廠廢水處理工程概況

該鋼廠形成600萬(wàn)噸/年生產(chǎn)規(guī)模時(shí)，平均排水量將達(dá)到4000m?/h。廢水處理工程設(shè)計(jì)平均日處理能力9.6萬(wàn)米3，夏季最大日處理能力10.8萬(wàn)米3,其中70%作為工業(yè)補(bǔ)水回到廠區(qū)管網(wǎng)，其余達(dá)標(biāo)后排放。

  該廢水處理回用工程于2010年4月開(kāi)工建設(shè)，2012年1月主體結(jié)構(gòu)完工，2012年5月試運(yùn)行，2012年8月交付生產(chǎn)。工程占地29500㎡，新建建、構(gòu)筑物占地8041㎡，綠化覆蓋率32%，靜態(tài)投資為8643萬(wàn)元。

  廠區(qū)全部廢水經(jīng)處理后達(dá)到排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，其中回用水經(jīng)軟化、過(guò)濾、消毒等深度處理后，達(dá)到生產(chǎn)用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

 二 處理工藝

  1 廢水設(shè)計(jì)水質(zhì)

本工程原水屬典型的冶金工業(yè)廢水，處理后外排出水要求達(dá)到地方排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本工程設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)水水質(zhì)見(jiàn)下表：

                         設(shè)計(jì)廢水綜合水質(zhì)

序號(hào) 水質(zhì)指標(biāo)  指標(biāo)數(shù)值  備注

1 pH值 7.0~8.5 

2 SS/（mg/L） ＜200 

3 COD/（mg/L）  ＜150 

4 BOD/（mg/L）  ＜40

5 石油類/（mg/L）  10~20  通常為下限

6 總硬度/（mg/L）  300~480  以CaCO3計(jì)

7 暫時(shí)硬度/（mg/L） 250~350  以CaCO3計(jì)

8 鈣硬度/（mg/L）  120~220  以CaCO3計(jì)

9 總堿度/（mg/L）  250~350  以CaCO3計(jì)

10 含鹽量/（mg/L）  1100~1300

11 總鐵/（mg/L）  ＜0.1 

12 CI-/（mg/L）  ＜260  一般為120~140

13 SO2-4/（mg/L） 190~220 

14 F-/（mg/L） 3~5 

15 溫度/（mg/L）  ＜35

廢水處理要求表見(jiàn)下圖：

                         廢水排放及回用限值

序號(hào) 水質(zhì)指標(biāo)  指標(biāo)數(shù)值  外排限值  備注

1 pH值 7.0~8.5  6~8.5 

2 SS/（mg/L） ＜5  ＜30

3 COD/（mg/L）  ＜30 ＜50

4 BOD/（mg/L）  ＜10 ＜25

5 石油類/（mg/L）  ＜2  ＜4 

6 總硬度/（mg/L）  200~300  以CaCO3計(jì)

7 暫時(shí)硬度/（mg/L） ＜100  以CaCO3計(jì)

8 鈣硬度/（mg/L）  ＜30 以CaCO3計(jì)

9 總堿度/（mg/L）  ＜100  以CaCO3計(jì)

10 含鹽量/（mg/L）  ＜1100  

11 總鐵/（mg/L）  ＜0.1   

12 CI-/（mg/L）  ＜130   

13 SO2-4/（mg/L） ＜200   

14 F-/（mg/L） 3

15 溫度/（mg/L）  ＜35  

 處理工藝

  本工程進(jìn)水為典型的鋼鐵工業(yè)廢水，有機(jī)污染物含量不高，可生化性差，不適宜采用生化方法降解。本項(xiàng)目主要采用物理化學(xué)法。作為工業(yè)補(bǔ)水，在回用水深度處理中增加去除暫時(shí)硬度、總堿度軟化、過(guò)濾、消毒等工藝。

 工藝流程

本工程的主要處理工藝流程可分為：預(yù)處理、澄清和過(guò)濾三部分

廠區(qū)排出的工業(yè)廢水用管道輸送至廢水處理廠進(jìn)水口。經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)處理部分，用粗、細(xì)格柵將來(lái)水中較大顆粒的漂浮物去除；再由提升泵到配水構(gòu)筑物，在此投加混凝劑和石灰以及硫酸，然后將廢水分配到高密度澄清池，除去水中的懸浮物和膠體物質(zhì)，保證水的澄清度，同時(shí)外排水還有除氟工藝。總進(jìn)水的70%經(jīng)高密度澄清池處理后，再經(jīng)V形濾池過(guò)濾并投加液氯消毒后，送往廠區(qū)作為工業(yè)水的補(bǔ)充水，總進(jìn)水的30%經(jīng)高密度澄清池處理至達(dá)標(biāo)后排放。                    

3 建、構(gòu)筑物設(shè)計(jì)

  根據(jù)本工程巖土工程勘察報(bào)告，重要的構(gòu)筑物如高密度澄清池、V形濾池、預(yù)處理單元等基礎(chǔ)落在卵石層上，地基土承受標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值400kPa；一般建筑物如綜合樓基礎(chǔ)落在黏質(zhì)粉土層上，地基土承受力標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值150kPa。

  主要構(gòu)筑物采用鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，變電所采用磚混結(jié)構(gòu)，電纜溝采用混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)。

  本工程包括預(yù)處理、高密度澄清池、加藥間、V形濾池、回水泵房和泥處理6個(gè)部分�？刂葡到y(tǒng)由基礎(chǔ)自動(dòng)化級(jí)和過(guò)程自動(dòng)化級(jí)組成�；A(chǔ)自動(dòng)化有QUANTUM系列PLC和檢測(cè)儀表組成。PLC之間通過(guò)FIPWAY網(wǎng)實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)交換。FIPWAY網(wǎng)上掛有工業(yè)PC作為入機(jī)接口，完成對(duì)整個(gè)系統(tǒng)的監(jiān)控。過(guò)程自動(dòng)化級(jí)由高檔PENTIUM微機(jī)及打印機(jī)組成，完成對(duì)工藝過(guò)程的生產(chǎn)管理、數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)定、報(bào)表打印等功能，在中央控制室還設(shè)有大型模擬屏顯示全廠的水處理工藝流程。

四  運(yùn)行情況

1         監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果

2012年5月正式運(yùn)行，系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定，各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)值。年運(yùn)行檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)（月平均值）見(jiàn)下表：

               2014 月平均數(shù)據(jù)

月份 pH值 SS/（mg/L） 暫時(shí)硬度（mg/L） 含鹽量（mg/L）

1月 7.6  4.12 70.0 1056

2月 7.5  5.00 75.0 1048

3月 7.3  4.81 75.0 1047

4月 7.2  4.00 80.0 1000

5月 8.0  5.00 85.0 1020

6月 8.1  4.75 85.0 1000

7月 8.1  4.07 90.0 990

8月 7.6  4.78 90.0 1000

9月 7.8  4.8  74.0 900

10月 7.8  5.00 78.0 1050

11月 7.9  5.00 76.0 1040

12月 7.8  4.8  90.0 1020

2         主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)

該廠區(qū)廢水處理工程投資8643萬(wàn)元，勞動(dòng)定員50人，裝機(jī)容量1800kW，運(yùn)行日耗點(diǎn)22000kW?h，藥費(fèi)0.12元/m?，年運(yùn)行費(fèi)1800萬(wàn)元。噸水處理費(fèi)0.80元/m?。

濟(jì)寧天通設(shè)備有限公司是一家從事水處理設(shè)備生產(chǎn)、銷售集一體化的企業(yè)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的努力在國(guó)內(nèi)外獲得了供不應(yīng)求的大好市場(chǎng)，贏得了客戶的一致好評(píng)。

多年的發(fā)展歷程，公司始終堅(jiān)持創(chuàng)新、品質(zhì)、服務(wù)、敬業(yè)、感恩的理念。采納新創(chuàng)意，嚴(yán)格質(zhì)量，全方位的服務(wù)跟蹤，堅(jiān)持做出高品質(zhì)產(chǎn)品。我公司主要產(chǎn)品：水處理設(shè)備，污水處理設(shè)備、廢水處理設(shè)備、工業(yè)污水設(shè)備、農(nóng)業(yè)廢水設(shè)備、雨水凈水設(shè)備、醫(yī)院污水設(shè)備、鋼廠廢水設(shè)備、屠宰場(chǎng)廢水設(shè)備、食品廠廢水處理設(shè)備等多種設(shè)備，可根據(jù)要求專業(yè)定制水處理設(shè)備。

Water treatment aims to improve water quality to meet certain water quality standards. According to the different treatment methods, there are many kinds of physical water treatment, chemical water treatment and biological water treatment. There are two main types of water treatment and waste water treatment. Water treatment includes drinking water treatment and industrial water treatment. Wastewater treatment is also treated with sewage treatment and industrial wastewater treatment. Among them, water treatment, water treatment, steam turbine main condensing water treatment and circulating water treatment are particularly close to the thermal technology. Water treatment is of great significance to developing industrial production, improving product quality, protecting human environment and maintaining ecological balance.

Overview of wastewater treatment project in steel plant

The average displacement of the steel plant will reach 4000m to the third/h when the steel plant is produced at 6 million tons/year. The average daily processing capacity of wastewater treatment works is 96,000 m 3, and the maximum daily processing capacity of the summer is 10.8000m 3. 70% of it is returned to the factory pipe network as industrial rehydration, and the remaining discharge after reaching the standard.

The waste water treatment recycling project started construction in April 2010. The main structure was completed in January 2012 and the trial operation was conducted in May 2012, and the production was delivered in August 2012. The project covers an area of 29500 ㎡, the new building and structures which covers an area of 8041 ㎡, green coverage of 32%, the static investment is 86.43 million yuan.

All waste water in the factory will meet the emission standard after treatment, and the water will reach the standard of production water after softening, filtering and disinfecting.

Two-process process

Wastewater design water quality

The original water of this project is a typical metallurgical industrial effluent, which is required to meet the secondary standard of local emission standard after treatment. The water quality of the engineering design is shown in the following table:

Design wastewater comprehensive water quality

Numerical value of the indicator of water quality indicators

1 pH 7.0 ~ 8.5

2 SS/(mg/L) < 200

3 COD/(mg/L) < 150

4 BOD/(mg/L) < 40

Oil/(mg/L) 10~20 is usually the lower limit

Total hardness/(mg/L) 300~480 with CaCO3

7 temporary hardness/(mg/L) 250~350 with CaCO3

Calcium hardness/(mg/L) 120~220 with CaCO3

Total alkalinity/(mg/L) 250~350 with CaCO3

Salt content/(mg/L) 1100~1300

Total iron/(mg/L) < 0.1

12 CI-/ (mg/L) < 260 is generally 120~140

13 so2-4 / (mg/L) 190~220

14 f-/ (mg/L) 3~5

15 temperature/(mg/L) < 35

The waste water treatment requirements are shown below:

Discharge and reuse of waste water

The numerical value of the numerical value of the indicator of the water quality indicator is noted

1 pH value 7.0 to 8.5, 6-8.5

2 SS/(mg/L) < 5 < 30

3 COD/(mg/L) < 30 < 50

4 BOD/(mg/L) < 10 < 25

Oil/mg/L < 2 < 4

Total hardness/(mg/L) 200~300 with CaCO3

7 temporary hardness/(mg/L) < 100 for CaCO3

Calcium hardness/(mg/L) < 30 for CaCO3

Total alkalinity/(mg/L) < 100 with CaCO3

Salt content/(mg/L) < 1100

Total iron/(mg/L) < 0.1

12 CI-/ mg/L < 130

13 so2-4 / mg/L < 200

14. F-/ mg/L) 3

15 temperature/(mg/L) < 35

Treatment process

This engineering water is typical of steel industry wastewater, organic pollutant content is not high, but biochemical difference is not suitable for biodegradation. This project mainly adopts physical chemistry method. As an industrial rehydration, the process of removing temporary hardness, softening of total alkalinity, filtration and disinfection is added in the treatment of water reuse.

Process flow

The main processing process of this project can be divided into three parts: pretreatment, clarification and filtration

The industrial effluent discharged from the factory is piped into the water inlet of the waste water treatment plant. After the pretreatment part, the large particles in the water will be removed by means of coarse and fine grille. By lift pump to the water distribution structures, again in the dosing coagulant and lime and sulfuric acid, and then assigned to high-density clarifier and wastewater to remove the suspended solids in the water and colloidal substances, ensure the clarity of water, drainage and fluoride in process at the same time. 70% of the total water treated with high-density clarifier, then through v-type filtration process and after adding the liquid chlorine disinfection, sent to the factory as make-up water of industrial water, 30% of the total water discharged after high-density clarifier processing to amount to mark.

3 construction and structure design

According to the geotechnical engineering investigation report, important structures such as high density clarifying pool, v-shaped filter and pretreatment unit fall on the pebble layer, and the foundation soil is subjected to a standard value of 400kPa. General buildings such as complex buildings are on the clay soil layer, the foundation soil bearing stress standard is 150kPa.

The main structures are reinforced concrete structure, brick and concrete structure is adopted, and concrete structure is adopted in cable trench.

This project includes six parts: pretreatment, high density clarifying pool, additive medicine room, v-shaped filter, backwater pump room and mud treatment. The control system consists of basic automation level and process automation level. Basic automation has QUANTUM series PLC and detection instrument composition. Data exchange is realized through FIPWAY network between PLC. The FIPWAY has an industrial PC on the Internet as an incoming interface to complete the monitoring of the entire system. Process automation level is composed of high-grade PENTIUM microcomputer and printer, complete the process of production management, data set, report printing, etc, the central control room large mimic panel also has showed that the water treatment process for the factory.

Four operation conditions

1 monitoring results

In May 2012, the system was operational and the system was stable. All indexes were designed. Annual operation test data (monthly mean) see table below:

Average data for the month of 2014

Monthly pH value SS/(mg/L) temporary hardness (mg/L) salt content (mg/L)

January 7.1270.0 1056

February 7.5 5.00 75.0 1048

March 7.3 4.81 75.0 1047

April 7.2, 80.0 1000

May 8.0 5.00 85.0 1020

June 8.1, 4.7585.0 1000

July 8.4.07 90.0 990

August 7.78, 90.0, 1000

September 7.8, 74.0 900

October 7.85.00 78.0 1050

Nov. 7.9 5.00 76.0 1040

December, 7.8, 90.0, 1020

Main technical and economic indicators

The waste water treatment project in this factory has an investment of 8643 million yuan, 50 workers, 1800kW installed capacity, 22000kW? h, 0.12yuan/m cubed, and annual transportation fee of RMB 18 million. Tons of water treatment cost 0.80 yuan/m cubed.

Jining day general equipment co., LTD. Is a company engaged in water treatment equipment production, sales integration enterprise, after continuous efforts won the demand of the market both at home and abroad, won the customer consistent high praise.

Over the years, the company has always adhered to the concept of innovation, quality, service, dedication and gratitude. Adopt new ideas, strict quality, all-round service tracking, insist on making high-quality products. My company main products: water treatment equipment, sewage treatment equipment, wastewater treatment, industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, rain water purification equipment, hospital sewage equipment, steel plant waste water equipment, slaughterhouse wastewater treatment equipment, food factory waste water treatment equipment and other equipment, can professional custom according to the water treatment equipment.