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TPU是Thermoplastic Urethane的簡(jiǎn)稱,中文名稱為熱塑性聚氨酯彈性體,TPU是由二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)或甲苯二異氰酸酯(TDI)等二異氰酸酯類分子和大分子多元醇、低分子多元醇(擴(kuò)鏈劑)共同反應(yīng)聚合而成的高分子材料。它的分子結(jié)構(gòu)是由二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)或甲苯二異氰酸酯(TDI)和擴(kuò)鏈劑反應(yīng)得到的剛性嵌段以及二苯甲烷二異氰酸酯(MDI)或甲苯二異氰酸酯(TDI)等二異氰酸酯分子和大分子多元醇反應(yīng)得到的柔性鏈段交替構(gòu)成的。TPU具有卓越的高張力、高拉力、強(qiáng)韌和耐老化的特性,是一種成熟的環(huán)保材料。目前,TPU已廣泛應(yīng)用與醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、電子電器、工業(yè)及體育等方面,其具有其它塑料材料所無法比擬的強(qiáng)度高、韌性好、耐磨、耐寒、耐油、耐水、耐老化、耐氣候等特性,同時(shí)他具有高防水性透濕性、防風(fēng)、防寒、抗菌、防霉、保暖、抗紫外線以及能量釋放等許多優(yōu)異的功能。
熱塑性聚氨酯彈性體TPU按分子結(jié)構(gòu)可分為聚酯型和聚醚型兩種,按加工方式可分為注塑級(jí)、擠出級(jí)、吹塑級(jí)等。
什么是熱流道成型
所謂熱流道成型是指從注射機(jī)噴嘴送往澆口的塑料始終保持熔融狀態(tài),在每次開模時(shí)不需要固化作為廢料取出,滯留在澆注系統(tǒng)中的熔料可在再一次注射時(shí)被注入型腔。
理想的注塑系統(tǒng)應(yīng)形成密度一致的部件,不受所有的流道、飛邊和澆口水口的影響。相對(duì)冷流道來講,熱流道要做到這一點(diǎn),就必須維持材料在熱流道內(nèi)的熔融狀態(tài),不會(huì)隨成形件送出。熱流道工藝有時(shí)稱為熱集流管系統(tǒng),或者稱為無流道模塑。
基本來講,可以把熱集流管視為機(jī)筒和注塑機(jī)噴嘴的延伸部分。熱流道系統(tǒng)的作用就是把材料送到模內(nèi)的每一澆口。
二、組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)優(yōu)勢(shì)多
熱流道系統(tǒng)作為模具系統(tǒng)的一個(gè)常用部件,能夠有效地提高塑料制品的質(zhì)量、提高生產(chǎn)效率,并使資本的投入得到更高的回報(bào),F(xiàn)在,一種新型的組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)閃亮登場(chǎng),它又會(huì)給我們帶來哪些驚喜呢?
今天,嵌件成型技術(shù)、共注射成型技術(shù)以及多組分注塑成型技術(shù)都離不開熱流道的支持。大量的部件諸如汽車保險(xiǎn)杠等因?yàn)榱鲃?dòng)路徑的限制、壁厚的比率以及熔合縫問題而只能采用熱流道模具進(jìn)行加工成型。在注射成型中,熱流道系統(tǒng)所扮演的角色越來越重要。
盡管熱流道和注射模具是一個(gè)整體,然而它的作用和功能與模具本身相比是完全不同的。對(duì)于系統(tǒng)組成的獨(dú)立單元,其安裝、連接和運(yùn)行都有特殊的高精度的位置要求。由于這些原因,熱流道系統(tǒng)的裝配就成為模具安裝的一個(gè)瓶頸。因此,避免熱流道系統(tǒng)安裝過程中的錯(cuò)誤以及簡(jiǎn)化系統(tǒng)連接并節(jié)約裝配時(shí)間就成為一個(gè)很重要的課題。
三、常規(guī)的熱澆道設(shè)計(jì)
熱澆道系統(tǒng)源于熱流道系統(tǒng)。通常,噴嘴不一定總是安裝在分流板上,也可以虛連在噴嘴法蘭上,但是這類系統(tǒng)需要固定板以保持系統(tǒng)的一體性。
對(duì)于大多數(shù)塑料加工過程來說,由于模具的溫度接近200℃,所以在熱流道與模具之間存在著溫度差異。如果系統(tǒng)被連接在模具板上,將會(huì)升高溫度并增加熱量的損失,并且在分流板和噴嘴之間也可能產(chǎn)生流動(dòng)*角。
當(dāng)熱流道需要維修時(shí),熱澆道必須完全從模具上拆除。由于噴嘴沒有連接到分流板上,電氣和液壓線路必須完全拆開,并在檢修結(jié)束后再進(jìn)行連接。
四、組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)
在組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)中,噴嘴、分流板形成了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的單元。熔體從分流板直接流進(jìn)噴嘴,因而不會(huì)產(chǎn)生偏差以及流動(dòng)*角。通過螺紋噴嘴被嵌入到分流板中,消除了噴嘴與分流板之間的泄漏現(xiàn)象。傳統(tǒng)的襯套系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱膨脹,而這種組合式系統(tǒng)在消除此類泄漏上特別有效。
組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)位于模具的中心位置且與模具的聯(lián)接很少,其制造材料不要求具有很高的熱傳導(dǎo)性,也不要求設(shè)置箝位以及對(duì)模具片預(yù)加張力。這種最低限度的連接提供了高精度和穩(wěn)定的溫度曲線,因此能量的消耗比傳統(tǒng)的熱流道系統(tǒng)要低得多。
組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)能夠直接預(yù)裝配獨(dú)立于模具的液壓線路。液壓設(shè)備直接驅(qū)動(dòng)的閥門口也可以直接安裝在系統(tǒng)上,這樣就省略了傳統(tǒng)機(jī)器上的控制閥,使注塑成型更加靈活。另外,電器以及液壓線路也可以按照客戶的要求進(jìn)行配置。由于系統(tǒng)在交付前會(huì)經(jīng)歷電氣、溫度、液壓或氣壓的檢測(cè),因此客戶會(huì)得到預(yù)安裝系統(tǒng)的說明,從而可以很容易地在模具內(nèi)進(jìn)行安裝并馬上投入生產(chǎn)。
當(dāng)模具或系統(tǒng)需要常規(guī)的維護(hù)時(shí),組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)可以同樣采用簡(jiǎn)單的步驟從模具上拆卸下來,從而可以獨(dú)立于模具進(jìn)行修理和檢測(cè)。
通常,組合式熱流道系統(tǒng)降低了維修成本。完整的熱流道系統(tǒng)基于組合式的預(yù)配設(shè)計(jì)和安裝,裝配過程中加熱器或熱電偶的導(dǎo)線被去掉。連接加熱器和配電箱的導(dǎo)線被安放在一個(gè)特別設(shè)計(jì)的導(dǎo)管中,這對(duì)模具或者熱流道系統(tǒng)的拆卸都是很有利的。同時(shí),綜合的熱流道系統(tǒng)能夠進(jìn)行免拆卸日常維護(hù),從而節(jié)約了時(shí)間并減少了裝配錯(cuò)誤發(fā)生的幾率
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PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /B22^E F15/ polykemi
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.21 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% bending strength: 180 MPa bending modulus: 4700 MPa VEKA softening point: 200 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 185 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: polykemi company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /B22^E F20/ polykemi
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.27 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% bending strength: 200 MPa bending modulus: 6400 MPa VEKA softening point: 200 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 190 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: polykemi company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /B23^E F30/ polykemi
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.33 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.3% bending strength: 210 MPa bending modulus: 7800 MPa VEKA softening point: 200 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 190 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: polykemi company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /B32^E F15/ polykemi
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.2 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% notched impact strength: 10 bending strength: 170 MPa bending modulus: 4500 MPa VEKA softening point: 200 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 185 DEG C
Manufacturer: polykemi company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /B32^EF F15/ polykemi
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.2 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.4% notched impact strength: 16 bending strength: 170 MPa bending modulus: 4500 MPa VEKA softening point: 200 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 185 DEG C
Manufacturer: polykemi company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /XP32-E1/ Holland DSM
Uses: other
Characteristic note: performance characteristic: lubricated, high viscosity.
Important parameter: density: 1.13 g/cm3, water absorption: 9.5%
Manufacturer: Holland DSM company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /XP40-C1/ Holland DSM
Uses: other
Characteristic note: performance characteristic: lubricated, high viscosity.
Important parameter: density: 1.13 g/cm3, water absorption: 9.5%
Manufacturer: Holland DSM company
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /PF007/ Elizabeth Foundation (GE)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.43 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.8% notched impact strength: 140 tensile strength: 174 MPa bending strength: 174 MPa bending modulus: 12000 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 205 DEG C
Manufacturer: SABIC innovative plastics (GE)
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /PF003/ Elizabeth Foundation (GE)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.27 g/cm3 notched impact strength: 43 tensile strength: 123 MPa, elongation at break: 3.2% bending strength: 179 MPa bending modulus: 5610 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 203 DEG C
Manufacturer: SABIC innovative plastics (GE)
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /GFM20/ Yuyao xinhuaneng
Uses: other
Characteristic note: mineral enhancement
Important parameters: density: 1.35 g/cm3, notch impact strength: 10, elongation at break: 15% bending strength: 120 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 120 DEG C
Manufacturer: Yuyao Xinhua Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /FR01/ Yuyao xinhuaneng
Uses: other
Characteristic note: flame retardant type
Important parameters: density: 1.18 g/cm3, notch impact strength: 6, elongation at break: 6% bending strength: 100 MPa, hot deformation temperature: 60 DEG C
Manufacturer: Yuyao Xinhua Imp. & Exp. Co., Ltd.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6 /6G50AF/ Walker Phil)
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.56 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.1%, elongation at break: 2.5%
Manufacturer: Italy Wokefeier Engineering Plastics Co.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6 /6G50AFUV/ Walker Phil)
Uses: other
Important parameter: density: 1.56 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 0.1%, elongation at break: 2.5%
Manufacturer: Italy Wokefeier Engineering Plastics Co.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6 /6M40/ Walker Phil)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.46 g/cm3, water absorption: 0.85% molding shrinkage: 0.9%, elongation at break: 6% hardness: 118
Manufacturer: Italy Wokefeier Engineering Plastics Co.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6 /6ST4/ Walker Phil)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.06 g/cm3 molding shrinkage: 2%, elongation at break: 50% hardness: 105 VEKA softening point: 200 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 50 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: Italy Wokefeier Engineering Plastics Co.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6 /6V0M/ Walker Phil)
Uses: other
Important parameters: density: 1.17 g/cm3 water absorption: 1.1% molding shrinkage: 1% bending modulus: 3100 MPa hardness: 120 VEKA softening point: 205 degrees of hot deformation temperature: 70 degrees centigrade
Manufacturer: Italy Wokefeier Engineering Plastics Co.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /3-7901/ Germany Lehman Fuchs
Uses: automotive parts
Characteristic note: conductive rigidity, good and good strength
Important parameters: density: 1.44 g/cm3 water absorption: 1% molding shrinkage: 0.1% notched impact strength: 43 bending strength: 230 MPa bending modulus: 2400 MPa
Manufacturer: German Lehman Corporation
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /MR 2007/ Germany Fuchs Lehman
Uses: automotive parts
Characteristic note: low warpage
Important parameters: density: 1.44 g/cm3 water absorption: 1% molding shrinkage: 0.6% notched impact strength: 36 bending strength: 150 MPa bending modulus: 7200 MPa VEKA softening point: 205 DEG C
Manufacturer: German Lehman Corporation
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /PF004/ SABIC in Saudi Arabia
Uses: other
Characteristic note: glass fiber reinforced material, 20%
Important parameters: density: 1.27 g/cm3 water absorption: 6.8% notched impact strength: 55 bending strength: 200 MPa bending modulus: 5800 MPa hardness: 123, hot deformation temperature: 216 DEG C
Saudi Basic Industries, Inc.
PA6 (polycaprolactam # nylon 6) /EB 50 H / EMS of Switzerland
Uses: other
Characteristic note: heat resistance, medium
heavy
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